I'd been using this script to tether Android to Linux via Azilink, but that has stopped working for some reason, so I found another solution, boiled down and re-documented here for posterity:
- Install Connectbot on your phone, connect (via ssh) to your server, and login
- In Connectbot (while connected), configure port forwarding with these settings: (Nickname-of-your-choosing, local, 10022, localhost:22)
- Connect your phone to your laptop via usb cable
- On the laptop, in terminal:
sudo adb forward tcp:10022 tcp:10022
ssh -D 9090 localhost -p 10022
- Configure SOCKS proxy settings on the laptop to use port 9090
Done!